FIRST
AID
Definition,
Aims and Principles
1. What
is First aid ? Explain its aims and
principles ?
First
aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by non-expert, but
trained personnel to a sick or injured person until definitive medical
treatment can be accessed. Certain
self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care
past the first aid intervention. It
generally consists of a series of simple and in some cases, potentially
life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with
minimal equipment.
The
key aims of first aid can be summarized in three key points :
·
Preserve life: the overriding
aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives.
·
Prevent further harm:
also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, or danger of
further injury, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient
away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent
worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming
dangerous.
·
Promote recovery: First
aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury,
and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of
applying a plaster to a small wound.
First aid training also involves
the prevention of initial injury and responder safety, and the treatment
phases.
General Principles of First Aid
:
I.
Rescue and removel of
casualty in the shortest possible time without aggravating existing health
situation.
II.
First aid should be
confined to essentials only.
III.
Immediate arrest of
haemorrhage.
IV.
Restoration of
respiration and circulation.
V.
Prevention of impending
shock and treatment of shock if the victim is already in such a state.
VI.
Immobilization of
simple and compound fractures and dislocations.
VII.
Alleviation of pain by
simple procedures and medication.
VIII.
Assurance of getting
well quickly to the victim and moral boosting.
Management
of Fracture, Dislocation, Wounds, Sprain, Strain, Cramp, Fainting, Burns etc.
Fracture
A fracture is a broken or cracked
bone. The break is usually complete, but
in the young, the bone can be bent without breaking completely. This is called a greenstick fracture. Correct first aid management of fractures, in
both conscious and un conscious casualties, is essential, in order to reduce the
amount of tissues damage, bleeding, pain
and shock.
·
Fracture Collar bone
·
Fracture upper arm
·
Fracture forearm
·
Fracture wrists
·
Fracture of the thigh
·
Fracture neck of the
thigh bone
·
Fracture kneecap
·
Fracture lower leg
·
Fracture feet and toes
·
Fracture ankle.
Dislocation
Do
not try to put the bone back in place.
·
In the case of a dislocation
of the shoulder
·
Elbow-joints
·
Dislocations of the hip
or knee joint are very rare and also serious injuries.
·
The lower jaw may be
dislocated by yawning or by a blow on the chain when the mouth is open.
·
Compound dislocation.
Sprains
A sudden wrench or twist at a joint
may cause a tear of the tissues outside the joint or of the ligaments of the
joint.
Strains
Injuries to muscles and tendons are of
two types strains and tears.
Cramps
Cramps are muscle spasms generally
caused by exercising and loss fluid, for example, through heatstroke.
Fainting
Place the person on his back.
Burn
A burn can be painful or painless,
according to the degree.
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